Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic-depressive disorder, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. Depression is part of the cycle of significant ups and downs that accompany bipolar disorder. It prevents you from feeling like yourself and can make it difficult for you to do the things you need or want to do.
Depression in Patients With Bipolar Disorder (BE) Presents Significant Clinical Challenges. As a predominant psychopathology, even in treated EB, depression is associated not only with excess morbidity, but also with mortality from concurrent general medical disorders and a high risk of suicide. In EB, the risks of medical disorders, such as diabetes or metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders, and the associated mortality rates are several times higher than those of the general population or with other psychiatric disorders. The SMR for suicide with EB reaches 20 times higher than the rates of the general population and exceeds rates with other major psychiatric disorders.
In EB, suicide is strongly associated with mixed (agitated-dysphoric) and depressive phases, depressed time and hospitalization. Lithium May Reduce Suicide Risk in EB; Clozapine and Ketamine Require More Testing. The treatment of bipolar depression is much less researched than unipolar depression, particularly for long-term prophylaxis. The short-term efficacy of antidepressants for bipolar depression remains controversial and they are at risk of clinically worsening, especially in mixed states and with rapid cycles.
Evidence for the effectiveness of lithium and anticonvulsants for bipolar depression is very limited; lamotrigine has long-term benefits, but valproate and carbamazepine are not adequately tested and carry high teratogenic risks. Evidence is emerging of the short-term efficacy of several modern antipsychotics (such as cariprazine, lurasidone, olanzapine-fluoxetine and quetiapine) for bipolar depression, even with mixed characteristics, although they are at risk of adverse metabolic and neurological effects. Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are mood disorders. They are similar in that both include periods when you feel a bad mood or lack of activity in daily activities.
Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic-depressive disorder, has periods of mania; depression doesn't. Both are serious mental disorders, different criteria for diagnosis, and both have effective treatments. Depressive episodes are common at the onset of bipolar disorder, as demonstrated in retrospective and prospective studies. The proportion of people with a depressive index episode varies between studies, but is consistently greater than 50% (range 50— 80%).
Family data suggest that polarity at baseline is possibly an inherited trait and may identify separate genetic subtypes of bipolar disorder (BD) (. While psychotic symptoms can occur in other mental health disorders, it is also a characteristic that can help distinguish between bipolar disorder and depression. Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study (EMBOLDEN I) of Quietapine and Lithium Monotherapy in Adults in the Acute Phase of Bipolar Depression. The impression that antidepressants may be less effective in acute bipolar depression than in MDD may, to some extent, reflect adverse effects of treatment, including worsening agitation, anger, or dysphoria, interpreted as an inability of depression to respond (Tondo et al.
Antidepressant-Associated Mood Swings and Transition from Unipolar Major Depression to Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder in which a person experiences alternate periods of depression with symptoms similar to unipolar depression and periods of mania. For example, antidepressants that healthcare providers prescribe to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and stimulants they prescribe to treat ADHD can worsen symptoms of bipolar disorder and even trigger a manic episode. This leaflet describes the signs and symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depressive illness), a brain disorder that causes unusual changes in mood, energy, activity levels, and ability to perform daily tasks.
It is conceivable that, as more genetic markers of bipolar disorder and depression are discovered, it will be possible to differentiate subtypes of depression by, for example, polygenic risk scores. The person may not feel that something is wrong, but family and friends may recognize changes in mood or activity levels as possible bipolar disorder. They must decide if a patient with depression might be suffering from bipolar depression and, if so, what implications this has for clinical management. While there are some characteristic features of each condition, many symptoms of bipolar disorder and depression overlap.
People with either type of bipolar disorder may experience the following symptoms, depending on whether they are experiencing a manic or depressive phase. Case-control analysis of the impact of pharmacotherapy on prospectively observed suicide attempts and completed suicides in bipolar disorder. A careful medical history is essential to ensure that bipolar disorder is not confused with major depression. This is especially important when treating an initial episode of depression, since antidepressant medications can trigger a manic episode in people who are more likely to have bipolar disorder.
If you have new symptoms (such as mania) or symptoms worsen after you start taking these medications, this may indicate that you have bipolar disorder instead of depression. . .
